Trump says his push to save ZTE is part of a 'larger trade deal,' contradicting administration stance

Release time：2018-05-17
author：Ameya360
source：CNBC
reading：972

President Donald Trump said Wednesday his reversal on Chinese company ZTE only relates to a "larger trade deal" his administration seeks with Beijing.

Top Trump administration officials such as Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross had tried to separate the president's push to boost the telecommunications company from trade talks with China. Ross this week called it an "enforcement" issue, not a trade dispute.

Trump's public statements have muddled that message.

In a series of tweets Wednesday morning, the president said "there has been no folding" on his pledges to crack down on Chinese trade practices. He said high-level meetings on the U.S.-China trade relationship "haven't even started yet."

Trump also argued that the U.S. "has very little to give" in talks "because it has given so much over the years." He added: "China has much to give!"

Trump says his push to save ZTE is part of a 'larger trade deal,' contradicting administration stance

Trump says his push to save ZTE is part of a 'larger trade deal,' contradicting administration stance

Last month, the Trump administration barred U.S. companies from selling to ZTE for seven years. The ban came in response to the company's shipping of American goods to Iran and North Korea in violation of sanctions. It effectively crippled ZTE.

On Sunday, the president said he instructed his Commerce Department to find a way to help the telecommunications equipment maker "get back into business, fast." "Too many jobs" were lost in China, the president added.

Senate Democrats accused Trump of abandoning his pledge to crack down on alleged trade abuses by China. One Senate Republican, Marco Rubio of Florida, also warned of national security risks and said he hoped "this isn't the beginning of backing down to China."

Trump's concessions on ZTE come as the world's two largest economies undertake trade discussions to avoid a potential trade war. Reports have indicated Trump could ease up on ZTE in exchange for a Chinese pullback on tariffs that threaten to damage the U.S. agricultural industry.

Top Chinese officials are in the U.S. this week for trade talks.

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Tuning into quantum: Scientists unlock signal frequency control of precision atom qubits
Trade news

Tuning into quantum: Scientists unlock signal frequency control of precision atom qubits

Australian scientists have achieved a new milestone in their approach to creating a quantum computer chip in silicon, demonstrating the ability to tune the control frequency of a qubit by engineering its atomic configuration. The work has been published in Science Advances.A team of researchers from the Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (CQC2T) at UNSW Sydney have successfully implemented an atomic engineering strategy for individually addressing closely spaced spin qubits in silicon.The frequency spectrum of an engineered molecule. The three peaks represent three different configurations of spins within the atomic nuclei, and the distance between the peaks depends on the exact distance between atoms forming the molecule. Credit: Dr. Sam HileThe researchers built two qubits – one an engineered molecule consisting of two phosphorus atoms with a single electron, and the other a single phosphorus atom with a single electron – and placed them just 16 nanometres apart in a silicon chip.By patterning a microwave antenna above the qubits with precision alignment, the qubits were exposed to frequencies of around 40GHz. The results showed that when changing the frequency of the signal used to control the electron spin, the single atom had a dramatically different control frequency compared to the electron spin in the molecule of two phosphorus atoms.The UNSW researchers collaborated closely with experts at Purdue University, who used powerful computational tools to model the atomic interactions and understand how the position of the atoms impacted the control frequencies of each electron even by shifting the atoms by as little as one nanometre.“Individually addressing each qubit when they are so close is challenging,” says UNSW Scientia Professor Michelle Simmons, Director CQC2T and co-author of the paper.“The research confirms the ability to tune neighbouring qubits into resonance without impacting each other.”Creating engineered phosphorus molecules with different separations between the atoms within the molecule allows for families of qubits with different control frequencies. Each molecule can be operated individually by selecting the frequency that controls its electron spin.“We can tune into this or that molecule – a bit like tuning in to different radio stations,” says Sam Hile, lead co-author of the paper and Research Fellow at UNSW.“It creates a built-in address which will provide significant benefits for building a silicon quantum computer.”Tuning in and individually controlling qubits within a 2 qubit system is a precursor to demonstrating the entangled states that are necessary for a quantum computer to function and carry out complex calculations.These results show how the team – led by Professor Simmons – have further built on their unique Australian approach of creating quantum bits from precisely positioned individual atoms in silicon.By engineering the atomic placement of the atoms within the qubits in the silicon chip, the molecules can be created with different resonance frequencies. This means that controlling the spin of one qubit will not affect the spin of the neighbouring qubit, leading to fewer errors – an essential requirement for the development of a full-scale quantum computer.“The ability to engineer the number of atoms within the qubits provides a way of selectively addressing one qubit from another, resulting in lower error rates even though they are so closely spaced,” says Professor Simmons.“These results highlight the ongoing advantages of atomic qubits in silicon.”This latest advance in spin control follows from the team’s recent research into controllable interactions between two qubits.
2018-07-17 00:00 reading：1111
Semiconductor quantum transistor opens the door for photon-based computing
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Semiconductor quantum transistor opens the door for photon-based computing

Researchers from the University of Maryland claim to have demonstrated the first single-photon transistor using a semiconductor chip.Making a quantum transistor triggered by light has been a previous challenge because it requires that the photons interact with each other, the researchers explain.According to the team, the device is compact: roughly one million of these new transistors could fit inside a single grain of salt. It is also fast and able to process 10billion photonic qubits every second."Using our transistor, we should be able to perform quantum gates between photons," says Professor Edo Waks of the University of Maryland's A. James Clark School of Engineering and Joint Quantum Institute. "Software running on a quantum computer would use a series of such operations to attain exponential speedup for certain computational problems.The photonic chip is made from a semiconductor with numerous holes in it. Light entering the chip bounces around and gets trapped by the hole pattern; a quantum dot sits inside the area where the light intensity is strongest.Analogous to conventional computer memory, the dot stores information about photons as they enter the device. The dot can effectively tap into that memory to mediate photon interactions, meaning that the actions of one photon affect others that later arrive at the chip."In a single-photon transistor the quantum dot memory must persist long enough to interact with each photonic qubit," says Shuo Sun, lead author of the new work. "This allows a single photon to switch a bigger stream of photons, which is essential for our device to be considered a transistor."To test that the chip operated like a transistor, the researchers examined how the device responded to weak light pulses that usually contained only one photon. In a normal environment, such dim light might barely register, however, in this device, a single photon gets trapped for a long time, registering its presence in the nearby dot.The team observed that a single photon could, by interacting with the dot, control the transmission of a second light pulse through the device. The first light pulse acts like a key, opening the door for the second photon to enter the chip. If the first pulse didn't contain any photons, the dot blocked subsequent photons from getting through. This behaviour is similar to a conventional transistor where a small voltage controls the passage of current through its terminals. Here, the researchers successfully replaced the voltage with a single photon and demonstrated that their quantum transistor could switch a light pulse containing around 30 photons before the quantum dot's memory ran out.Prof Waks says that his team had to test different aspects of the device's performance prior to getting the transistor to work. "Until now, we had the individual components necessary to make a single photon transistor, but here we combined all of the steps into a single chip.”Sun says that with realistic engineering improvements their approach could allow many quantum light transistors to be linked together. The team hopes that such speedy, highly connected devices will eventually lead to compact quantum computers that process large numbers of photonic qubits.
2018-07-10 00:00 reading：1119
Trade War Seen As 'Zero-Sum Game' for Chip Industry
Trade news

Trade War Seen As 'Zero-Sum Game' for Chip Industry

A trade war between the world's two largest economy that formally begins Friday will be "a bruising zero-sum game injurious to both sides in which there are no winners," according to an analyst for IHS Markit.  "For the semiconductor space, the escalating tariffs dispute between the United States and China will be a bruising zero-sum game injurious to both sides in which there are no winners," said Myson Robles-Bruce, a semiconductor value chain researcher with IHS, in a blog posting earlier this week."A tariff war between the world’s two biggest makers and consumers of semiconductors is likely to spread throughout the vast electronics supply chain involving multitudes of markets, trades, and businesses, and both American and Chinese companies could end up suffering," Robles-Bruce wrote in the blog.What had been largely a war of words turned into a bonafide trade war Friday with U.S. President Donald Trump following through on his threat to impose 25 percent tariffs on about $34 billion worth of Chinese goods, many related to technology and the semiconductor industry. Trump has warned that he may end up imposing tariffs on billions of more dollars worth of Chinese goods.China, meanwhile, almost certainly will follow through on its threat to impose reciprocal tariffs on U.S. goods, beginning with mostly agricultural products.How far the two countries will go in imposing tariffs on each other remains to be seen. Trump initially threatened the tariffs in an attempt to negotiate a trade deal between the two countries that would reduce a roughly $375 billion annual trade deficit with China. But negotiations between the two countries have not produced an agreement, and there is reportedly a disagreement within the Tump administration over what course of action to take.Trade groups including the Semiconductor Industry Association and the SEMI trade group support the administration's efforts to protect U.S. intellectual property in China, where they have long complained that Chinese policies and law expose it to potential theft. But trade groups do not support tariffs, which they argue will harm the global economy and the semiconductor business.According to Robles-Bruce, while almost half of the world's chips are designed in the U.S., much of the output is sent for assembly, test and packaging in China. Robles-Bruce said "most of the $57.2 billion in revenue from semiconductors used in the United States, based on electronics equipment manufacturing, would be subject to tariffs under the new Trump administration tariff policies."Robles-Bruce also argues that the large number of consumer electronics products manufactured and finished in China and imported into the U.S. means that US-based semiconductor suppliers will also see their costs rising.Robles-Bruce maintains that in terms of electronics, neither the U.S. or China has any advantage over the other. "While it is true that the United States has tremendous leverage over China in chip design, China has immense power in the semiconductor supply chain. In this sense, both countries are needed to drive the industry in its current form," he wrote.
2018-07-09 00:00 reading：1126
US considering placing compliance officers inside China's ZTE: Commerce Secretary Ross
Trade news

US considering placing compliance officers inside China's ZTE: Commerce Secretary Ross

The United States is looking at alternatives to the crippling sanctions threatening the survival of Chinese telecom giant ZTE, Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross told CNBC on Thursday.Ross said on "Squawk Box" the U.S. is considering a plan to require compliance officers to be installed at ZTE, best known by consumers for selling smartphones."If we do decide to go forward with an alternative, what it literally would involve would be implanting people of our choosing into the company to constitute a compliance unit ... [which] would report back to the Department of Commerce," he said. "The whole key is enforcement."Last month, Washington banned ZTE from purchasing parts from U.S. manufacturers, including chips from Qualcomm, glass from Corning and Android software from Alphabet's Google, because it was selling equipment with American parts to Iran and North Korea in violation of U.S. sanctions. The ban was imposed after ZTE admitted guilt and paid nearly $1.2 billion in fines for those violations.ZTE, in addition to smartphones, has been a large manufacturer of telecommunications equipment that allows large carriers to operate their wireless and data networks. It was China's first state-owned telecom equipment maker to go public. It's listed on the Shenzhen and Hong Kong stock exchanges.The ZTE situation is complicating efforts by the administration of President Donald Trump to reach an overall trade agreement with China, designed to level the playing field for American companies in a number of industries, including autos, that face stiff tariffs and requirements to share their technology to do business there.Trump asked the Commerce Department to consider other measures, besides sanctions, to make sure ZTE lives up to its agreements, Ross told CNBC on Thursday. The idea ran into resistance in Congress, where Republicans and Democrats, accused the president of bending to pressure from China to reach an overall trade deal.However, just days after Washington and Beijing put a trade war on hold, Trump cast doubt Wednesday on whether an overall deal can be reached.On Tuesday, Trump said he was "not satisfied" with the China trade talks that took place last week in Washington. He also denied reports of a ZTE agreement, while floating the idea of a fine of up to a $1.3 billion and changes in ZTE management. Ross confirmed on Thursday no final decision has been made on ZTE.Last week, Trump revealed that ZTE might get a reprieve.
2018-05-25 00:00 reading：1213
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