硬件工程师必知:电路原理图设计的十大核心准则

Release time:2026-02-03
author:AMEYA360
source:电路原理
reading:181

  电路设计能否一次性通过测试,除了跟硬件工程师自身的专业理论有关,还包括对硬件项目设计的熟悉程度。比如对元器件原理、选型与使用,懂得绘制原理图、PCB设计、软件工具使用外,还要学会如何调试、优化电路,特别是在设计前期,对电路设计细节的把握,有一套自己的硬件设计思维,能让你设计电路的时间缩短,极大提高设计的成功率。以下是硬件工程师设计电路时,必须时时牢记的十项准则:

  一、电源是系统的血脉,要舍得成本,这对产品的稳定性和通过各种认证是非常有好处的。

  1、尽量采用∏型滤波,增加10uH电感,每个芯片电源管脚要接104旁路电容;

  2、采用压敏电阻或瞬态二极管,抑制浪涌;

  3、模电和数电地分开,大电流和小电流地回路分开,采用磁珠或零欧电阻隔开;

  4、设计要留有余量,避免电源芯片过热,攻耗达到额定值的50%要用散热片。

  二、输入IO记得要上拉;

  三、输出IO记得核算驱动能力;

  四、高速IO,布线过长采用33殴电阻抑制反射;

  五、各芯片之间电平匹配;

  六、开关器件是否需要避免晶体管开关时的过冲特性;

  七、单板有可测试电路,能独立完成功能测试;

  八、要有重要信号测试点和接地点;

  九、版本标识;

  十、状态指示灯。

  如果每次的原理图设计,都能仔细的核对上面十点,将会提高产品设计的成功率,减少更改次数,缩短设计周期。

硬件工程师必知:电路原理图设计的十大核心准则


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